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Objective To analyze the influencing factors of second primary cancer (SPC) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute was used to extract data, and SEER*Stat program 8.4.0 was used to calculate the standardized incidence rate ratio (SIR) and absolute excess rate (AER). In addition, Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of different age, race, sex, chemotherapy, and radiation and other factors for secondary tumors by R 4.2.1, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the cumulative incidence. Results A total of 22 407 cases were included, and the person-years of follow-up were 142780.82. There was a total of 436 SPC cases, 32 of which developed multiple cancers. The median time of secondary cancers was 47.5 months. Patients with ALL had a higher risk of SPC than the general population (SIR=2.27; 95% , CI:2.07-2.50), and the most observed SPC was lymphatic and hematopoietic system, with an SIR of 6.96 (95% CI:5.94-8.11). The risk of SPC in ALL patients diagnosed in different time periods showed an upward trend, from 1.98 in 2000 to 2.38 in 2019. With the increase of age, the risk of SPC in ALL patients gradually decreased. Chemotherapy reduced the risk of SPC (HR=0.26; 95%CI: 0.19-0.36), while radiotherapy increased the risk of SPC by 59.60% (HR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.23-2.00). Conclusion In the future, chemotherapy is recommended for ALL patients to reduce radiation exposure during radiotherapy, and more attention should be paid to the health status of ALL patients within 1-5 years after their onset.
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An appropriate animal model of dysphagia is important for research of the mechanism and treatment. Animal models of dysphagia mainly involve rodents, non-human primates and some other mammals, in which rats and mice are the most commonly used. The diseases mainly reproduced include stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and oropharyngeal neuromuscular diseases, with dysphagia. The success of modeling mainly depends on the assessment of swallowing function, such as videofluoroscopic swallowing study and electrophysiological examination. No animal model can perfectly represent the clinical and pathological characteristics of dysphagia in humans now. With the development of targeted genetic modification and detection indicators, more reasonable dysphagia models would be reproduced.
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Objective To determine the potential sources of food safety risk and food safety related awareness of employees in the farmer markets in Yangpu District of Shanghai, and to provide evidence for food safety management. Methods The investigation on food safety and food-borne disease knowledge were conducted in 13 farmer markets in Yangpu District, and to assess the impact of employees′ behavior on food safety. Results A total of 368 employees in the 13 farmer markets were included in the study.Employees with high school education and above had better knowledge of food safety (P < 0.001).There was significant difference in the physical examination and habit of smoking in public places among the employees with different education levels.In addition, the employees in various positions in the markets differed significantly in the knowledge of food safety and behavior, such as taking physical examination, washing hands before meal and continuing working when feeling sick. Conclusion Food safety related risk in the farmer markets in Yangpu District mainly originates from the inadequate knowledge of the employees with low education levels, which further affects their behavior.Market management should strengthen the training of food safety related knowledge in the employees and advocate healthy behavior, such as taking physical examination and stop smoking, which contributes to creating a healthy work and shopping environment.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effects of the black buckwheat leaf (BBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice and its effects on pancreas and spleen.@*METHODS@#Forty male C57 / B16 mice (SPF) were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group (n=10) and the experimental group (n=30), the experimental group were fed with high sugar and high fat, combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in small dose to establish the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Those thirty model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10), diabetes mellitus group (DM), low dose of BBL (DM+L) treated group, high dose of BBL (DM+H) treated group. The mice in the NC group and the DM group were given normal saline per day, and the DM+L group and DM+H group were treated with black tartary buckwheat at the doses of 0.21g/kg·d and 0.42g/kg·d respectively. After 14 days. All mice were executed by cervical dislocation, then blood samples were collected, pancreas and spleen were removed for subsequent experiments. The serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCH) and insulin were detected. TNF-α protein in spleen tissue was detected by ELISA kit. The morphology of pancreas tissue was observed by HE staining, and the spleen coefficient was calculated. The expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) mRNA and IRS-1 protein in pancreatic tissue were detected.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the serum levels of FBG, TC and TCH in the model group were increased significantly, while the serum level of insulin was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), the expression of TNF-α protein in spleen tissues was obviously raised, the expressions of IRS-1 mRNA and IRS-1 protein in pancreatic tissue in model group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the serum levels of FBG, TC and TCH were decreased significantly in the BBL treated groups. The serum insulin level, spleen coefficient, TNF-α protein expression level in spleen tissue, IRS-1 mRNA expression and IRS-1 protein expression levels in pancreatic tissue in BBL treated group were increased significantly (P＜ 0.05). High-dose black tartary buckwheat leaves (0.42g/kg·d) exerted a more significant effect.@*CONCLUSION@#Stem and leaf of black bitter buckwheat has significant therapeutic effects on reducing blood sugar and blood fat in type 2 diabetic mice, and has certain protective effects on pancreas and spleen of diabetic mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Drug Therapy , Fagopyrum , Chemistry , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pancreas , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Spleen , StreptozocinABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of recipes for tonifying kidney and replenishing Qi, Zuoguiwan (ZG) and Yiqi Congming Tang(YQ) on memory capacity, expressions of learning and memory-related genes expression, and explore the changes in relevant epigenetic modification enzymes. Method:SD male rats with natural aging (24 months old) were used as animal models and randomly divided into aged control group, aged ZG group(12.12 g·kg-1), aged YQ group(10.18 g·kg-1), aged compound group(11.15 g·kg-1) and aged antagonist RU38486 group(5×10-3g·kg-1). Another 5 months old male SD rats were included as the young control group. Morris water maze method was used to observe the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. The co-localizations of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in hippocampus of rats in each group were observed by laser confocal microscope. The changes in expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), synapsin1(Syn-1), HDAC2, and histone acetyltransferase 1(HAT1) proteins in hippocampus of each group were detected by Western blot, and mRNA expression of HDAC2 was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase Chain reaction (Real-time PCR). At the same time, the effects of ZG, YQ and compound decoction in alleviating the above-mentioned abnormal changes were observed. Result:Compared with the young control group(control group), the latency of the aged control group was significantly prolonged (PPPPPPPConclusion:ZG group, YQ group, and compound group can improve the spatial learning and memory abilities of aged rats by increasing the expression of learning-memory-associated protein GR and epigenetic modification enzyme HAT1, and reducing the expression of HDAC2 and the co-localization of HDAC2 protein and MeCP2 in the nucleus.
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Objective:To compare cash flow statement between Government Accounting System and Hospital Accounting System,so as to provide basis for restructuring the cash flow statement for government department.Methods:The literature method and comparison method were involved.Results:There were four differences between Government Accounting System and Hospital Accounting System.There were some problems in cash flow statement in Government Accounting System.Conclusion:It restructed the cash flow statement for government department on the basis of Government Accounting System and Hospital Accounting System.
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Objective To study the etiology clinical features, treatment outcomes and prevention of esophageal submucosal hematoma caused by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) of esophageal varices. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with esophageal submucosal hematoma caused by EIS and treated in our hospital from Jan 2014 to July 2016. Five patients were analyzed including one patient receiving endoscopic gastrointestinal catheterization combined with medication, and the remaining four received medication therapy only. Results All five patients were discharged with clinical improvement. However the patients treated only with medication therapy recovered more slowly than the ones who treated with combined therapy. No treatment related side-effects were observed among two treatment groups. Conclusion Endoscopic gastrointestinal catheterization combined with medication may be an effective treatment for esophageal submocasal hematoma caused by EIS. However, the actual clinical efficacy and safety remain to be proven by future large sample randomized clinical studies.
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Purpose To investigate the correlation and clinical value of HBO1 and Ki-67 expression in patients with hepatocelluar carcinoma ( HCC). Methods The expression of HBO1 and Ki-67 in 142 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma tis-sues and corresponding adjacent tissues was detected by immu-nohistochemical EnVision. The correlation of clinical pathologic characteristics and prognosis between them was analyzed. Re-sults The positive rates of HBO1 and Ki-67 in HCC were 69. 0% (98/142) and 55. 6% (79/142), respectively, which was obviously higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues (24.6%,19.7%) with statistically significance (P＜0.05). The expressions of HBO1 and Ki-67 were positively correlated. The expressions of HBO1 and Ki-67 were both related to the tumor size, degree of differentiation, TNM staging and portal thrombosis ( P ＜0. 05 ). Kaplan-Meier univariate statistical a-nalysis showed that the survival time of patients with high HBO1 and Ki-67 expression group was significantly shorter than that of the low expression group (P＜0. 05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that high expression of HBO1 and Ki-67, TNM staging and portal thrombosis were significantly correlated to the progno-sis of patients ( P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusion The expressions of HBO1 and Ki-67 are related to the development of HCC and prognosis. Combined detection of HBO1 and Ki-67 may helpful to judge the malignant degree and prognosis of HCC.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 (CMT1X) disease is one of the most common forms of inherited neuropathy caused by mutations in the gap junction beta-1 protein (GJB1) gene (also known as connexin 32). This study presented the clinical and genetic features of a series of Chinese patients with GJB1 gene mutations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 22 patients from unrelated families, who were referred to Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital from January 2005 to January 2016, were identified with GJB1 mutations. Their clinical records and laboratory findings were retrospectively collected and reviewed. Mutations in the GJB1 gene were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Nucleotide alternations were confirmed with Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CMT1X patients predominantly showed distal muscle weakness of lower limbs with mild sensory disturbance. The mean age of onset was 15.6 ± 8.7 years (ranging from 1 year to 42 years). The sudden onset of cerebral symptoms appeared in four patients (18.2%); two were initial symptoms. One case had constant central nervous system (CNS) signs. There were 19 different heterozygous mutations, including 15 known mutations and four novel mutations (c.115G>T, c.380T>A, c.263C>A, and c.818_819insGGGCT). Among the 22 Chinese patients with CMT1X, the frequency of the GJB1 mutation was 4.5% in transmembrane domain 1 (TM1), 4.5% in TM2, 22.7% in TM3, 9.1% in TM4, 4.5% in extracellular 1 (EC1), 27.3% in EC2, 9.1% in intracellular loop, 13.6% in the N-terminal domain, and 4.5% in the C-terminal domain. CMT1X with CNS impairment appeared in five (22.7%) of these patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study indicated that CNS impairment was not rare in Chinese CMT1X patients. Mutations in the EC2 domain of the GJB1 gene were hotspot in Chinese CMT1X patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Young Adult , Central Nervous System , Metabolism , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease , Genetics , Pathology , Connexins , Genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , Electrophysiology , Genotype , Mutation , Phenotype , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dysferlinopathy is caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene. Here, we described the genetic features of a large cohort of Chinese patients with this disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-nine index patients were included in the study. DYSF gene analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing in 41 patients and targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) in 48 patients. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed to detect exon duplication/deletion in patients with only one pathogenic mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 89 index patients, 79 patients were demonstrated to carry two disease-causing (73 cases) or possibly disease-causing mutations (6 cases), including 26 patients with homozygous mutations. We identified 105 different mutations, including 59 novel ones. Notably, in 13 patients in whom only one pathogenic mutation was initially found by Sanger sequencing or NGS, 3 were further identified to carry exon deletions by MLPA. The mutations identified in this study appeared to cluster in the N-terminal region. Mutation types included missense mutations (30.06%), nonsense mutations (17.18%), frameshift mutations (30.67%), in-frame deletions (2.45%), intronic mutations (17.79%), and exonic rearrangement (1.84%). No genotype-phenotype correlation was identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DYSF mutations in Chinese patients clustered in the N-terminal region of the gene. Exonic rearrangements were found in 23% of patients with only one pathogenic mutation identified by Sanger sequencing or NGS. The novel mutations found in this study greatly expanded the mutational spectrum of dysferlinopathy.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People , China , Codon, Nonsense , Genetics , Dysferlin , Exons , Genetics , Frameshift Mutation , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetics , Genotype , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Muscle Proteins , Genetics , Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle , Genetics , Mutation , Genetics , Mutation, Missense , Genetics , PhenotypeABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Collagen VI-related myopathies are autosomal dominant and recessive hereditary myopathies, mainly including Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) and Bethlem myopathy (BM). Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used to diagnosis muscular disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thigh muscles MRI for collagen VI-related myopathies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven patients with collagen VI gene mutation-related myopathies were enrolled in this study. MRI of the thigh muscles was performed in all patients with collagen VI gene mutation-related myopathies and in 361 patients with other neuromuscular disorders (disease controls). T1-weighted images were used to assess fatty infiltration of the muscles using a modified Mercuri's scale. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the MRI features of collagen VI-related myopathies. The relationship between fatty infiltration of muscles and specific collagen VI gene mutations was also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven patients with collagen VI gene mutation-related myopathies included six UCMD patients and five BM patients. There was no significant difference between UCMD and BM patients in the fatty infiltration of each thigh muscle except sartorius (P = 0.033); therefore, we combined the UCMD and BM data. Mean fatty infiltration scores were 3.1 and 3.0 in adductor magnus and gluteus maximus, while the scores were 1.3, 1.3, and 1.5 in gracilis, adductor longus, and sartorius, respectively. A "target" sign in rectus femoris (RF) was present in seven cases, and a "sandwich" sign in vastus lateralis (VL) was present in ten cases. The "target" and "sandwich" signs had sensitivities of 63.6% and 90.9% and specificities of 97.3% and 96.9% for the diagnosis of collagen VI-related myopathies, respectively. Fatty infiltration scores were 2.0-3.0 in seven patients with mutations in the triple-helical domain, and 1.0-1.5 in three of four patients with mutations in the N- or C-domain of the collagen VI genes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The "target" sign in RF and "sandwich" sign in VL are common MRI features and are useful for the diagnosis of collagen VI-related myopathies. The severity of fatty infiltration of muscles may have a relationship with the mutation location of collagen VI gene.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Young Adult , Collagen Type VI , Genetics , Metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Muscle, Skeletal , Pathology , Muscular Diseases , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Mutation , Genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thigh , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the regional parameters of triple screening model of Down syndrome in the second trimester in Jinhua City.Methods A total of 20 232 second trimester pregnant women with single fetus (gestational age at 15 -20 +6 weeks)was enrolled,and their serum samples were determined by American Perkin Elmer company Auto DELFIA automatic time -resolved fluorescence immunoassay analyzer for Down syndrome screening with triple markers, namely AFP,free β-hCG and uE3 .The risks of Down syndrome were evaluated by Lifecycle 3.2 software.And the risks of Down syndrome were re -calculated by local statistical median equations.Pregnant women were suggested to receive amniotic fluid fetal karyotype analysis if the risk of Down syndrome were equal or above 1 /270.Results Local median marker levels were significantly higher than the software built -in median levels (P <0.01).Both true -positive detection rates (sensitivity)were 87.50%.The false positive rate of local median equations was 4.24%,while the built -in median equations was 4.74%.Conclusion There are significant differences on the race and region by using the LifeCycle 3.2 median equations.The local equations may lower the false positive rate.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effects of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), an extract of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, on several down-regulated signaling molecules involved in learning and memory in hippocampal neurons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After cultured for 7 days, primary hippocampal neurons were divided into 5 groups: normal, corticosterone model, RU38486, 5-HMF, and donepezil group. Neuron survival rates were calculated 24 h later using SYTO13-PI double-fluorescence staining and an 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. β-galactosidase activity was also assayed. Protein expressed by the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR), brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B), as well as phosphorylationcyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (p-CREB), phosphorylation-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylation-synapsin (p-synapsin) were quantified with Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hippocampal neuron survival rates and the above-mentioned proteins were dramatically decreased (P<0.05), β-galactosidase activity was significantly increased in the model group. but the effect was reversed by 5-HMF, RU38486, and to a lesser extent by donepezil (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>5-HMF extracts from the Chinese herb Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch could protect hippocampal neurons from glucocorticoid injury and from down-regulated signaling molecules in the GCR-BDNF-NR2B-p-ERK-p-CREB-p-synapsin signal transduction pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blotting, Western , Corticosterone , Pharmacology , Furaldehyde , Pharmacology , Hippocampus , Cell Biology , Learning , Memory , Neurons , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rehmannia , Chemistry , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)plays an important role in glucose metabolism,and it may be affect the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy(DR).ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the effect of valsartan and fluvastatin on the expression of GSK-3β in retina of diabetes rat model.MethodsDiabetes mellitus models were induced by intrapenetoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) in 47 clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and were then randomedly divided into 4 groups.Ten other normal rats were served as normal control group.Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose solution,valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan+fluvastatin and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose solution was given by oral once per day for 12 weeks respectively in diabetes control group ( n =12),valsartan group ( n =12 ),fluvastatin group ( n =11 ),valsartau + fluvastatin group ( n =12 ) and normal control group.Twelve weeks after administration of drugs,blood glucose was measured and compared among various groups,and the expression of p-GSK-3β ( Ser-9 ) protein in retina was quantified and located by Western blot and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results Twelve weeks after use of drugs,the level of blood glucose was(5.28±0.30),(26.08±3.33 ),(26.03 ±2.66 ),(25.90± 2.86 ),(25.99 ± 2.14 ) mmol/L in the normal control group,diabetes control group,valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan + fluvastatin group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 5 groups ( F =110.74,P＜0.01 ).Western blot showed that the grey value of p-GSK-3β ( Ser-9 ) /β-actin in retina in the diabetic control group was significant higher than the normal group(2.774±0.139 vs 1.927±0.111,q =15.79,P＜0.01 ),and that in valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan+fluvastatin group was lower than the diabetic control group ( 1.895 ±0.090,2.051 ± 0.113,1.537 ± 0.071 vs 2.774 ± 0.139 ) ( q =1 3.69,13.48,23.06,P ＜ 0.01 ).The grey value of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9)/β-actin in the valsartan+fluvastatin group was declined in comparison with the valsartan group and fluvastatin group ( q =6.67,9.58,P＜0.01 ).Immunohistochemistry showed that the p-GSK-3β(Ser-9) protein was expressed all over the retinal layers and obviously in retinal ganglion cell layer(GCL) in normal control group.But the p-GSK-3β(Ser-9) protein was expressed significantly in diabetic control group.The expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9)protein was attenuated both in valsartan and fluvastatin groups and further attenuated in valsartan + fluvastatin group. Conclusions p-GSK-3β (Ser-9) protein is overexpressed in GCL of retina of diabetes rat.Both valsartan and fluvastatin can inhibit the expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9) and even getting stronger when they combined.
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ObjectiveTo discuss the expression of VEGF and COX-2 in breast cancer and their correlation with Clinical relationships.MethodsWith Elivision immunohistochemistry,the expression of VEGF and COX-2 was evaluated in 60 samples with primary breast cancer,and it was determined that the correlation of their expression and the clinical features including age,tumor size,clinical TNM staging,pathological grading,armpit lymph node metastasis and prognosis. ResultsThe expression of VEGF had close correlation with tumor size, the clinical TNM staging, pathological grading, and armpit lymph node metastasis (P ＜0.05),but had no correlation with age.The expression of COX-2 had close correlation with the clinical TNM staging pathological grading, and armpit lymph node metastasis (P ＜0.05), but had no correlation with age and tumor size. The expression of VEGF had positive correlation with that of COX-2 (r =0.2615, P ＜0.05);In the death group, the expression of VEGF and COX-2 was significantly higher than the survival group (P ＜0.05).ConclusionThe up-regulated expression of VEGF and COX-2 closely correlated with tumor take place, evolution, metastasis and soake of breast carcinoma. The expression of COX-2 had positive correlation with that of VEGF.Combined detection would be helpful in screening the patients of breast cancer with high risks of recurrence and metastasis, judge the prognosis, so it is good for further treatment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Paecilomyces cicadae polysaccharide (PCPS) on the immunological function of aged rats in vivo.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The young and old rats were administered with normal saline as control groups, and the rats from test group were sc given 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) dosage of PCPS for 3 weeks. The phagocytizing rate and index of PMphi, AMphi to S. aureas were observed, and the colorimetric MTI was used to analyze the proliferative activity of spleenocytes which had been stimulated with ConA or LPS. We also inspected the ability varing of ACP, LDH, ARG of spleen, and observed the ultramicro structure of spleen under the SEM.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The phagocytosis of Mphi was lower in aged group than that in young' s group, and the proliferative activity of spleenocytes was lower too. The activities of ACP, LDH, ARG of spleen were extremely decreased (P < 0.01) in aged rats as well. The proliferative activity and phagocytotic rate were both extremely increased in PCPS groups (P < 0.01), and the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum of spleen were accrementition as well (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PCPS could enhance the phagocytizing function of PMphi, AMphi of aged rats in vivo, and strengthen the immune function of spleen and its proliferative activity as well. Then the immunity of aged rats could be improved. The PCPS may be an anti-aging agent.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Hypocreales , Chemistry , Immunity , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Polysaccharides , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , SpleenABSTRACT
Improve the Medication methods and the efficacy of Chinese medicines with western medicines. Read the according article, compare the advantage and disadvantge of Chinese medicines and western medicines interaction and describe the mechanism of medicines in effect. It shows that using Chinese medicines with western medicines have more disadvantage than adavntage. The clinical Chinese medicines with western medicines should according physical properties and pharmacological effects of drug at first, after taking, general the interval is from 1 hour to 3 hours to prevent medicine has physical reactions or toxicity in stomach, ensure taking medicines safety.
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Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Medicine , Methods , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) analysis was a recently developed method which could serve as a 'real-time' genotyping tool for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One hundred and thirteen M. tuberculosis isolates from the patients with tuberculosis in Beijing were analysed using the reference method to study the characters of genetic diversity and genotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen tandem repeat loci (ETR-A, ETR-C, ETR-D, MIRU10, MIRU16, MIRU27, MIRU31, MIRU40, Mtub21, Mtub30, Mtub38, Qublla, Qubllb) in the total genome of MTB were analyzed by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis method. The characters of the polymorphism of DNA fingerprinting of one hundred and thirteen MTB strains were analyzed with Gel-Pro analyzer 3.1 software and BioNumerics 3.0 software. Results One hundred and thirteen MTB strains were characterized and classified in to four genotype families(type I , type II , type NV, type V ) based on thirteen tandem repeat loci. One hundred and four isolates(92.0%) belonged to type I , the other three genotypes scattered, five strains(4.4%) remaining with type II , while type IV and type V having the same quantity 1.8% (2/113). M. tuberculosis H37Rv belonged to a unattached genotype(type ll ). Conclusion There was obvious length polymorphism in the M. tuberculosis isolates which implied that type I was the epidemic strain clusters in M. tuberculosis in Beijing. VNTRs analysis seemed to be a simple, rapid, sensitive and valuable tool for epidemiological studies of M. tuberculosis complex organisms.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Genes, Bacterial , Genetic Variation , Genotype , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tandem Repeat Sequences , Tuberculosis , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the neuro-immune regulatory mechanism of Heart Benefiting recipe (HBR), an effective recipe for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods, the neuro-immunological pathological changes in the AD rat model induced by beta-amyloid protein (A beta1-40) via lateral cerebral ventricle injection, including mainly the glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6mRNA and beta-amyloid protein precursor (APPmRNA) gene expression were studied. And the effects of HBR on these parameters were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Deposition of A beta in cerebral tissue could induce activation of stellate glial cells and abnormal increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6mRNA), also the elevation of APPmRNA level. HBR could effectively control the above-mentioned pathological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBR could effectively control the inflammation and the A beta immune cascade reaction in brain of AD patients, it is one of the important therapeutic mechanisms of the recipe.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Alzheimer Disease , Metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor , Genetics , Brain , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Interleukin-1 , Genetics , Interleukin-6 , Genetics , Neuroprotective Agents , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Random AllocationABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of normal human bone marrow fibroblastoid stromal cell lines HFCL on the proliferation of multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI8226, the co-culture system of RPMI8226 with HFCL was established, the adhesion ratio was determined by MTT colorimetric assay, growth curves were determined by trypan blue exclusion, the mitotic index (MI) of RPMI8226 cell was observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to study the changes of cell cycle and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. The results showed that in co-culture the adhesion ratio of RPMI8226 after 1 hour was 29.4%; the proliferation of RPMI8226 cell line in direct contact with HFCL cell line was inhibited as compared with RPMI8226 in suspension. No obvious changes were observed in RPMI8226 cell separated by transwell inserts. The percentage of G(1) phase cells of RPMI8226 cell line in direct contact with HFCL was higher than that of RPMI8226 in suspension, and the percentage of S phase cells was lower. Moreover, the MI of RPMI8226 cell line in suspension was higher than that of RPMI8226 cell line in direct contact with HFCL cell. The expression of PCNA in RPMI8226 cell line in suspension was higher than that of RPMI8226 cell in direct contact with HFCL cell. It is concluded that the normal human bone marrow fibroblastoid stromal cell HFCL inhibits the proliferation and progression of cell cycle of multiple myeloma cell line, RPMI8226.